Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
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After Neipperg's death, she married Count , her chamberlain, in 1834. Laut Experten ist die Parure die wir hier sehen in dieser Form erst nach dem Tod der Kaiserin entstanden. The European powers, including Austria, resumed hostilities towards France in the , which ended with the abdication of Napoleon and his exile to.
Auch aus Sicht des direkten Umfelds Napoleons hielt Marie-Louise dem Vergleich zwischen ihr und Joséphine nicht stand, hatte sich diese doch immer durch ihren Charme, ihre Hilfsbereitschaft und Anmut ausgezeichnet, während Marie-Louises Zurückhaltung als Arroganz ausgelegt wurde und diese auch noch den Fehler machte, ihre Unsicherheit durch übertrieben herrisches Verhalten kaschieren zu wollen. Privately, she was polite and gentle. During public occasions, Marie Louise spoke little due to reserve and timidity, which some observers mistook for haughtiness.
Marie - Marie Louise did not know what to do and wanted to leave the city, but was prevented from doing so by the protesters, who saw her as someone who would listen to their demands.
She was 's second wife and, as such, from 1810 to 1814. As the eldest child of the Emperor and his second wife,Marie Louise grew marie louise von österreich during a period of continuous conflict between and. A series of military defeats at the hands of Napoleon Bonaparte had inflicted a heavy human toll on Austria and led Francis to the. The end of the resulted in the marriage of Napoleon and Marie Louise in 1810, which ushered in a brief period of peace and friendship between Austria and the. Marie Louise agreed to the marriage despite being raised to despise France. She was adored by Napoleon, who had been eager to marry a member of one of Europe's leading royal houses to cement his relatively young Empire. With Napoleon, she bore a son, styled the King of Rome at birth, later Duke of Reichstadt, who briefly succeeded him as. Napoleon's fortunes changed dramatically in 1812 after his failed. The European powers, including Austria, resumed hostilities towards France in thewhich ended with the abdication of Napoleon and his exile to. The handed over the Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla to Empress Marie Louise. She ruled the duchies until her death. Marie Louise married twice after Napoleon's death in 1821. Her second husband was married 1821an she met marie louise von österreich 1814. She and Neipperg marie louise von österreich three children. After Neipperg's death, she married Counther chamberlain, in 1834. Marie Louise died in Parma in 1847. She was named after her grandmother. Marie Louise was a great-granddaughter of through both her parents, as they were first cousins. She was also a maternal granddaughter of's favorite sister. Marie Louise's formative years were during a period of conflict between France and her family. She was brought up to detest France and French ideas. Marie Louise was influenced by her grandmother Maria Carolina, who despised the which ultimately caused the death of her sister, Marie Antoinette. Maria Carolina's had also come into direct conflict with French forces led by. The brought Austria to the brink of ruin, which increased Marie Louise's resentment towards Napoleon. The Imperial family was forced to flee Vienna in 1805. Marie Louise took refuge in and later before returning to Vienna in 1806. Her father relinquished the title of Holy Roman Emperor but marie louise von österreich. To make her more marriageable, her parents had her tutored in many languages. In addition to her nativeshe became fluent in, and. In 1807, when Marie Louise was 15, her mother died after suffering a miscarriage. Less than a year later, Emperor Francis married his first cousinwho was four years older than Marie Louise. Nonetheless, Maria Ludovika Beatrix took on a maternal role towards her stepdaughter. She was also bitter towards marie louise von österreich French, who had deprived her father of the. Another broke out between France and Austria in 1809, which resulted in defeat for the Austrians again. The Imperial family had to flee Vienna again before the city surrendered on May 12. He also sought the validation and legitimization of marie louise von österreich Empire by marrying a member of one of the leading royal families of Europe. He began proceedings to divorcewho did not bear him a son, and began searching for a new empress. His wish to marrythe youngest daughter ofcaused alarm in Austria, marie louise von österreich were afraid of being sandwiched between two great powers allied with each other. At the persuasion ofa marriage between Napoleon and Marie Louise was suggested by Emperor Francis to the but no official overture was made by the Austrians. Though officials in Paris and Austria were beginning to accept the possibility of the union, Marie Louise was kept uninformed of developments. Frustrated by the Russians delaying the marriage negotiations, Napoleon rescinded his proposal in late January 1810 and began negotiations to marry Marie Louise with the Austrian ambassador, the. Schwarzenberg signed the marriage contract on 7 February. Marie Louise was informed of the marriage by Metternich. Napoleon was represented bythe bride's uncle. Marie Louise departed Vienna on March 13, probably expecting never to return. Upon arriving in France she was placed in the custody of Napoleon's sister, who had her put through a symbolic old ritual. Tradition dictated that a royal bride coming to France must keep nothing of her homeland, especially her clothes. Accordingly, Marie Louise was stripped of her gown, corset, stockings and chemise, leaving her completely. Napoleon's sister then made the nude teenager take a bath. She was then redressed in French bridal clothes. The next day, Napoleon and Marie Louise made the journey to in the coronation coach. The cavalry led the procession, followed by the herald-at-arms and then the carriages. The rode on each side, near the doors of the carriages. The procession arrived at theand the Imperial couple made their way to the chapel in the for the religious wedding ceremony. The ceremony was conducted by the Cardinal. A Bridal March was composed for the occasion by. By this marriage, Napoleon became the great-nephew-in-law of and. She developed a close friendship with herthewhile most of the daily affairs were handled by her. The better one knows him, the better one appreciates and loves him. The excitement surrounding the wedding ushered in a period of peace and friendship between France and Austria, who had been largely at war for the last two decades. The people of Vienna, who hated Napoleon only months before, were suddenly in full praise of the French Emperor. Flattering letters were sent between Napoleon and Emperor Francis, Empress Maria Ludovika Beatrix and Archduke Charles during the wedding festivities. During public occasions, Marie Louise spoke little due to reserve and timidity, which some observers mistook for haughtiness. She was regarded as a virtuous woman and never interfered in politics. Privately, she was polite and gentle. The boy,was given the title King of Rome, in accordance with the practice where the heir apparent to the Holy Roman Empire was called the. A minor rivalry began to develop between Marie Louise and the Empress of Austria, who was jealous at being upstaged in appearance by her stepdaughter. It was also in Dresden where she met for the first time. Napoleon left Dresden on May 29 to take charge of his army. Marie Louise then travelled towhere she spent a few weeks with the Marie louise von österreich Imperial family, before returning to Saint Cloud on July 18. She kept in touch with Napoleon throughout the war. The invasion of Russia ended disastrously for France. More than half of the was destroyed by the and attacks. After the failedNapoleon hastened his return to France and reunited with his wife on the night of December 18. On March 30, Marie Louise was appointed Regent as Napoleon set off for battle in Germany. The regency was only de jure, as all decisions were still taken by Napoleon marie louise von österreich implemented by his most senior officials, including, and. Marie Louise tried unsuccessfully to get her father to ally with France. Austria too joined the opposition to France. She maintained a correspondence with Napoleon, informing him of increasing demands for peace in Paris and the provinces. Napoleon was decisively defeated in on October 19 and returned to Saint Cloud on November 9. On 23 January 1814, Marie Louise was appointed Regent for the second time. On January 25, at 03:00 in the morning, Napoleon embraced Marie Louise and his son for the last time. He left to lead a hastily formed army to stave off the Allied invasion from the north. As the Allies neared Paris, Marie Louise was reluctant to leave. She felt that as the daughter of the sovereign of Austria, one of the allied members, she would be treated with respect by Allied forces, with the possibility of her son marie louise von österreich the throne should Napoleon be deposed. She was also afraid that her departure would strengthen the royalist supporters of the. The Allies entered the city the following day. Marie Louise and the court moved towhich was safe from the Allies. She did not expect her father to dethrone Napoleon and deprive her son of the crown of France. On April 3, the Senate, at the instigation of Talleyrand, announced the deposition of the Emperor. Marie Louise was unaware of this until April 7, and was astonished to discover the turn of events. She wanted to return to Paris, but was dissuaded from doing so by physician and the Duchess of Montebello. The exiled him toallowed Marie Louise to retain her imperial rank and style and made her ruler of the duchies ofwith her son as heir. This arrangement was later revised at the. Marie Louise was strongly dissuaded from rejoining her husband by her advisors, who fed her accounts that Napoleon was distraught with grief over the death of Joséphine. On April 16, her father arrived at Blois to meet her. At the advice of Emperor Francis, Marie Louise departed Rambouillet with her son for Vienna on April 23. At Vienna, she stayed atwhere she received frequent visits from her sisters, but rarely from her father and stepmother. She met her grandmother,who disapproved of her deserting her husband. There are moments when that thought so distracts me that I think that the best thing I could do would be to die. Neipperg was a confidant of Metternich and an enemy of Napoleon. Marie Louise fell in love with Neipperg. He became her chamberlain and her advocate at the. News of the relationship was not received well by the French and the Austrian public. When Napoleon escaped in March 1815 andthe Allies once again declared war. Marie Louise was asked by her stepmother to join in the processions to pray for the success of the Austrian armies but rejected the insulting invitation. I shall never assent to a divorce, but I flatter myself that he will not oppose an amicable separation, and that he will not bear any ill feeling towards me. This separation has become imperative; it will in no way affect the feelings of esteem and gratitude that I preserve. Napoleon made no further attempt to contact her personally. The Congress of Vienna recognised Marie Louise as ruler ofbut prevented her from bringing her son to Italy. It also made her Duchess of Parma for her life only, as the Allies did not want a descendant of Napoleon to have a hereditary claim over Parma. After her death, the duchy was to revert to the Bourbons. She entered the duchy on April 18. In December 1816, Marie Louise removed the incumbent prime minister and installed Neipperg. On August 8, Marie Louise married Neipperg. Neipperg died of heart problems on 22 February 1829, devastating Marie Louise. She was banned by Austria from mourning in public. Franz lived at the Austrian court, where he was shown great affection by his grandfather, but was constantly undermined by Austrian ministers and nationalists, who did their best to sideline him to become an irrelevance. There were fears that he might be smuggled over to France to regain the throne, as he could be easily disguised as a girl. My mother is kind but weak; she was not the wife my father deserved; Josephine was. In Parma, protesters gathered in the streets to denounce the Austrian-appointed prime minister Josef von Werklein. Marie Louise did not know what marie louise von österreich do and wanted to leave the city, but was prevented from doing so by marie louise von österreich protesters, who saw her as someone who would listen to their demands. She managed to leave Parma between 14 and 15 February, and a provisional government, led by Count Filippo Luigi Linati, was formed. Atshe wrote to her father, asking him to replace Werklein. Francis sent in Austrian troops, which crushed the rebellion. To avoid further turmoil, Marie Louise granted amnesty to the dissidents on September 29. Metternich sent Charles-René de Bombelles to Marie Louise's household in 1833. Six months after his arrival, on 17 February 1834, she married him, again morganatically. Her condition worsened for the next few days. On December 17, she passed out after vomiting and never woke up again. She died in the evening. The cause of death was determined to be. Her body was transferred back to Vienna and buried at the. This is in homage to the role she played in helping to develop the perfume and glass industry of Parma. Francis I of Austria 20. Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma 24. Archived from on 28 March 2012. Napoleon and Marie-Louise: Fall of Empire. Maria Luigia : il destino di un' Asburgo da Parigi a Parma. Archived from on 14 March 2012. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1965. The Happy Days of the Empress Marie Louise. Maria Luigia - Giuseppe che una donna e che amare governare Giuseppe.
Remembering Jung series talk with Marie-Louise von Franz
In Parma, protesters gathered in the streets to denounce the Austrian-appointed prime minister Josef von Werklein. Maria Luigia - Giuseppe che una donna e che amare governare Giuseppe. Napoleon was decisively defeated in on October 19 and returned to Saint Cloud on November 9. On March 20, 1811, she gave birth to a son, who was named the king of Rome. In dieser Ehe entwickelte sie sich bis zu ihrem Tod 1847 zu einer echten Landesmutter. Marie Louise initially wanted to join him, but first proceeded to Austria with their son. Marie Louise was not alone in Parma, as Neipperg joined her there.
